Evaluation of long‐term changes in precipitation over Bolivia based on observations and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project models

Using observations and model simulations from the 5th 6th phases of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 CMIP6, respectively), this study evaluated changes in monthly, seasonal, annual precipitation over Bolivia 1950 to 2019. Results demonstrate that observed is characterized by strong interannual decadal variability. However, long-term trends were not identified on scale. Similarly, seasonal almost nonsignificant (p > .05) for period. Spatially, albeit with its complex orography, no substantial regional variations can be across Bolivia. In contrast, trends, based CMIP5 CMIP6 models, suggest a dominance negative mainly during austral winter (JJA) (−10%) spring (SON) (−15%). These more pronounced lowlands (−20%). Overall, these contradictory results highlight need validating trend outputs simulations, especially areas topography like